3D light field displays create a scene by using a directional backlight to direct light in a highly controlled manner. This design allows each eye to see a slightly different image, creating a natural sense of depth without requiring the viewer to wear 3D glasses. The quality of the rendered 3D effect depends on how accurately the voxels—the 3D pixels that make up the image—are constructed, as well as on their number and size, since smaller, well-constructed voxels enable finer detail and more realistic depth.
Seeing 3D without glasses
The technology showcased in Optica brings forth an ultra-slim 32-inch directional backlight-based prototype, offering a wide viewing angle of over 120° and a substantial 3D display volume. This advancement maintains sharp image quality throughout the entire imaging depth, enhancing spatial understanding for tasks requiring precise visualization, such as medical diagnostics.
Clear gains over conventional displays
The researchers conducted experiments with a 32-inch prototype based on the new design, evaluating its performance using a 50-mm fixed-focus lens with an f/2.8 aperture. The ultra-thin 3D light-field display showcased continuous depth range and a wide viewing angle, delivering an immersive visual experience. Comparisons with conventional scattering backlight displays revealed significantly smaller voxels, maintained resolution at varying distances, and enhanced efficiency in generating images.
The team continues their efforts to refine the device, focusing on reducing thickness and weight, improving optical efficiency, and enhancing pixel structures for increased compatibility with 3D display technology.
More information:
Zijun Zhang et al, Miniaturized-voxel light field panel display based on an ultra-slim and large-area freeform directional backlight, Optica (2025). DOI: 10.1364/optica.571647
